Centre for History, Department of Culture and Global Studies

This volume brings together contributions from fifteen historians and art historians working on the history of the crusades, focusing on Iberia and the Baltic region. The subjects treated include the historiography of the Iberian and Baltic crusades; the transfer of crusading ideas from the Holy Land to Iberia and the Baltic region and the use of such ideas in local rhetoric and propaganda; the papal attitudes towards the Iberian and Baltic campaigns; the papal attitudes towards Muslims living in Christian Spain; ther interaction between conquered and conquerors as reflected in art and architecture; and the exchange of information about the crusades in Iberia and the wider Baltic region. The collection thus throws light not only onto events in the Iberian Peninsula and the Baltic region but also onto the development of the crusade movement in general. It constitutes a valuable resource for both undergraduates and postgraduates studying the crusade movement in the Middle Ages.

Το συλλογικό έργο αυτό είναι επανέκδοση σε ηλεκτρονική μορφή (ebook), μετά από μια δεκαετία, ενός τόμου αφιερωμένου στον Malcolm Barber, έναν από τους διαπρεπέστερους βρετανούς ιστορικούς στο πεδίο των σταυροφοριών, κατά τη συνταξιοδότησή του από το πανεπιστήμιο του Reading όπου είχε εργαστεί για περίπου 40 χρόνια. Ανάμεσα στα αντικείμενα που έχει μελετήσει σε βάθος ο Barber ήταν η ιστορία των Ιπποτικών Ταγμάτων και ιδίως των Ναϊτών, οι λεγόμενες «λαϊκές σταυροφορίες» (όπως οι «σταυροφορίες των βοσκών» του 1251 και του 1320), καθώς και η αίρεση των Καθαρών. Το συγγραφικό του έργο περιλαμβάνει, ανάμεσα σε πολλές άλλες δημοσιεύσεις, δυο καθοριστικές μονογραφίες για την ιστορία και τη δίκη των Ναϊτών (The Trial of the Templars, 1978, και The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple, 1993) που μεταφράστηκαν σε πολλές γλώσσες (η πρώτη και στα ελληνικά, το 2007), αλλά και ένα εξαιρετικό εγχειρίδιο μεσαιωνικής ιστορίας (The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320, 1991). Το έργο του διακρίνεται συνολικά για τη βαθειά γνώση του αντικειμένου, την ενδελεχή και εμπεριστατωμένη έρευνα, την έμφαση στην προσεκτική χρήση των πρωτογενών πηγών, αλλά και το εύληπτο ύφος γραφής. Ο τόμος Knighthoods of Christ, μετά από σύντομη παρουσίαση του έργου και της έρευνας του τιμώμενου, περιλαμβάνει 17 κεφάλαια χωρισμένα σε δυο μέρη: το πρώτο για τις σταυροφορίες (κεφ. 1-9) και το δεύτερο για τους Ναΐτες (κεφ. 10-17). Στους συγγραφείς συγκαταλέγονται κορυφαίοι ιστορικοί των σταυροφοριών-κάποιοι ήδη καταξιωμένοι και άλλοι νεότεροι τότε-από το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, τις ΗΠΑ, τη Γαλλία, την Ισπανία, τον Καναδά και το Ισραήλ.

En lo referente a la "Bibliografi a" (pp. 381-409), que se agrupa en "Testi" (pp. 381-385) y "Studi" (pp. 385-409) es exhaustiva. El volumen incluye un detallado y útil "Indice delle opere letterarie, dei nomi e dei personaggi" (pp. 411-455) ("Indice delle opere letterarie", pp. 415-420 e "Indice dei dome e dei personaggi", pp. 421-455); y un "Indici dei manoscritti e degli incunaboli" a cargo de Stefano Resconti (pp. 457-461). Se trata, en suma, de una bella obra ejemplar de obligada consulta para comprender la estrecha relación entre el arte literario y el arte plástico en la Edad Media.

Elected pope in the wake of a rebellion, Eugenius III came to power as a relative unknown during a time of crisis. This book examines the controversial developments in papal justice and theological debate during his pontificate, his treatment of Cistercian monasteries, his relationships with France, Spain, and Rome, his work in the papal states, and the crusades. It offers a new view of an under-appreciated pope and the place of the church in a rapidly changing European society.

The purpose of this introductory article is to set the stage for the theme issue on the 22 July 2011 terror attacks in Oslo and Utøya by mass murderer, Anders Behring Breivik. The article opens up with the historical and literary figure Erostratus to discuss the differences and similarities between this lone wolf character and the acts of terrorist Anders Behring Breivik. It then situates Breivik firmly within an ideological landscape where communities of politicians, pundits and others distance themselves from Breivik’s terrorising acts, yet in the end share his basic criticism of “multiculturalism” appearing synonymous with “cultural Marxism” as well as subscribing to what goes under the term of Eurabia conspiracy. In addition, through centring on other catch-all concept of political correctness, the clusters of different anti-migration, anti-feminism and Islamophobic opposition are united together in news articles in a way not unlike the media coverage (and academic analyses) of ...

In the academic literature there seems to be consensus on irregular migration being a marginal phenomenon in the Scandinavian countries. The reason for this is found in the highly regulated labour markets and strict control migration regimes both internally and externally. The article addresses the 'myth' of the non-presence of irregular migration in Scandinavia. Firstly, we look at how irregular migration is framed academically; secondly, we analyze how irregular migration is conceptualized more broadly in the three countries, looking at the different political strategies relating to this conceptualization such as normalization, regularization and criminalization.

The purpose of this national report is to analyze the role of social movements/organizations/initiatives in the struggle against racism, discrimination, hate speech and behavior from the Danish context. The first part briefly presents the Danish political landscape focusing on the participatory model of democracy, the shift towards a restrictive citizenship model in 2001 and the long tradition for social movements and voluntary associations. The political institutions and political culture form the context for the potentials and barriers for democratic antibodies and grass root initiatives to combat hate speech hate crimes. The mapping of voluntary movements/groups/organizations presents an overview of the diverse policies and strategies towards racism, discrimination and hates speech and hate behavior. It looks at the kind of activities, campaigns and demonstrations the organizations have been engaged in demonstrating the close collaborations and negotiations/networking between the democratic anti-bodies as well as the struggles between antibodies and groups practicing hate speech and hate behavior. This identified important gaps in our knowledge about what is going on-not only at the national level but especially beyond and below the nation state-at the transnational and local levels. It shows that some of the groups, for example Sabaah, offering counselling to homosexual youths with a Muslim background, work mainly on the local municipality level in Copenhagen. Other groups, such as SOS against Racism, are national organizations that are part of European wide or EU sponsored networks. The second and main part of the report provides an in depth analysis of selected organizations and groups engaged in the combat of racism, discrimination, hate speech and hate behaviour. The following five organizations were selected for in depth individual and focus group interviews: Sabaah, the Trampoline House, SOS against Racism, Refugees Welcome and LGBT Asylum. The main issues addressed were: Migration/refugees; Racism/discrimination; LGBT equality. The conclusion illustrate that in the Danish context collaboration between the multiple groups working on similar issues, such as LGBT organizations, anti-racist or advocates of refugee groups is the rule rather than the exception. The selected organizations do not understand themselves as democratic 'anti-bodies' who work against the system. They pursue a dual aim as 'advocates for' and 'activists' working with the target groups. The organizations experience political consensus around integration issues, such as LGBT, and conflicts around refugee and asylum

The purpose of this introductory article is to set the stage for the theme issue on the 22 July 2011 terror attacks in Oslo and Utøya by mass murderer, Anders Behring Breivik. The article opens up with the historical and literary figure Erostratus to discuss the differences and similarities between this lone wolf character and the acts of terrorist Anders Behring Breivik. It then situates Breivik firmly within an ideological landscape where communities of politicians, pundits and others distance themselves from Breivik’s terrorising acts, yet in the end share his basic criticism of “multiculturalism” appearing synonymous with “cultural Marxism” as well as subscribing to what goes under the term of Eurabia conspiracy. In addition, through centring on other catch-all concept of political correctness, the clusters of different anti-migration, anti-feminism and Islamophobic opposition are united together in news articles in a way not unlike the media coverage (and academic analyses) of ...

REClaiMing aCtion -PRogRESSivE StRatEgiEn in ZEitEn DES waChSEnDEn REChtSPoPuliSMuS 05 analySe und empfehlungen Niklas Ferch und Henri Möllers: vergleich früherer, gegenwärtiger und zukünftiger Strategien im umgang mit Rechtspopulismus in dänemark, norwegen, Schweden und deutschland Christian Krell und Henri Möllers: fazit -was macht eine erfolgreiche Strategie aus? und was ist eigentlich erfolg? anhang Tabellarische Zusammenfassung früherer, gegenwärtiger und möglicher zukünftiger Strategien progressiver Parteien in Dänemark,

The series, as its name implies, focuses on altruism, morality, and social solidarity and their interrelationships. These phenomena were of major concern in the founding and early years of sociology. Renewed interest in their study has occurred in recent years, not only in sociology but also in related disciplines such as psychology, economics, and philosophy. An awareness of the interdependence of these phenomena is also developing, and this series will expand on this while linking the phenomena to important topical issues and developing their implications for the public discourse and public good. Early, foundational scholarship in this area was grounded largely in the writings of sociologists Emile Durkheim, Jane Addams, and Pitirim A. Sorokin, whose work provides a comprehensive and powerful intellectual foundation for future theories and empirical studies. Contributions to the series will build on the mentioned foundational thinkers and will make use of a range of theoretical approaches, including symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, rational choice theory, personalism, Marxist theory, systems theory, and identity theory.

Since it was founded in 1995, the Eurosceptic Danish People’s Party (DPP) has steadily increased its support to become one of Denmark’s largest parties. Susi Meret and Ole Borre assess how the party is positioning itself ahead of the next Danish general election in 2015. They write that having topped the vote in the country’s European Parliament elections in May, the DPP is now pursuing a more pragmatic approach with the aim of effectively ‘normalising’ the party in the eyes of the Danish electorate.

Her research focuses on international migration, EU policies, welfare state dilemmas as well as historical studies. She has served as a visiting scholar in Brussels, Berkeley and Boston, and has held the Willy Brandt visiting professorship in Malmo, Sweden. She has been the head of two national commissions on immigration and the sustainability of the Norwegian welfare model. Brochmann has held various positions in the Norwegian Research Council, and she is member of The Norwegian Academy of Science.

Materials with disordered structures have a crucial role in the rapid development of new technologies. Improvement of these materials for particular application, as well as preparation of novel composites is based on a thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms of charge carrier transport. Among various classes of structurally disordered materials, a family of iron phosphate glasses attracts special attention due to their unique combination of structural, electrical and mechanical properties. Generally, iron phosphate glasses are electronically conducting glasses with polaronic conduction mechanism where conduction takes place by electrons hopping from Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ . Consequently, polaron transport directly depends on Fe 2+ /Fe tot ratio and overall Fe 2 O 3 content. However, by altering composition (addition of Cr 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , PbO, Na 2 O) and preparation conditions, the electrical conductivity of iron phosphate based glasses may vary over many orders of magnitude. This paper gives an overview of our recent studies of electronic and ionic transport in iron phosphate based glasses.